What is decomposition reaction? Explain with the help of an example.

A decomposition reaction is a type of chemical reaction where a single compound breaks down into two or more simpler substances. This reaction typically requires energy input, such as heat, light, or electricity, to occur.

General Form: AB→A+BAB \rightarrow A + BAB→A+B

Example: Decomposition of Calcium Carbonate

When calcium carbonate (CaCO3_33​) is heated, it decomposes into calcium oxide (CaO) and carbon dioxide (CO2​):

CaCO3 (presence of heat)→ CaO+CO2

Explanation:

  • Calcium Carbonate (CaCO3​): This is a compound commonly found in limestone and marble.
  • Heating: Applying heat provides the energy needed to break the bonds in calcium carbonate.
  • Products: The decomposition produces calcium oxide (a white solid) and carbon dioxide gas (which is released).

In this reaction, a single reactant (calcium carbonate) breaks down into two products (calcium oxide and carbon dioxide). This is characteristic of decomposition reactions.

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