A redox reaction, short for reduction-oxidation reaction, is a chemical reaction in which the oxidation states of atoms are changed. This involves the transfer of electrons between substances: one substance loses electrons (oxidation) and another gains electrons (reduction).
Here’s an example of a redox reaction:
Zn(s) + Cu²⁺(aq) + SO₄²⁻(aq) → Zn²⁺(aq) + SO₄²⁻(aq) + Cu(s)
In this reaction:
- Zinc (Zn) is oxidized: it loses electrons. Zn→Zn²⁺ + 2e−
- Copper (Cu²⁺) in CuSO₄ is reduced: it gains electrons. Cu²⁺ + 2e− → Cu
So, zinc undergoes oxidation by losing electrons, and copper undergoes reduction by gaining those electrons.
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