People as Resource Chapter 2nd: Question Answer

Learn why people are important for our country’s growth with our easy Q&A guide. Find out why education and health are important and how people can help the economy. Our guide has simple explanations and includes Hindi meanings for hard words. Get this guide now to do well in your studies!

1. What do you understand by ‘people as a resource’?

• ‘People as a resource’ (संसाधन के रूप में लोग) refers to the idea that people are an important asset (पूंजी) and can contribute to the economy and society through their skills (कौशल), abilities (क्षमताएं), and knowledge (ज्ञान). When people are healthy (स्वस्थ), educated (शिक्षित), and skilled, they can enhance productivity (उत्पादकता) and development (विकास).

2. How is human resource different from other resources like land and physical capital?

• Human resources (मानव संसाधन) consist of people who contribute through their skills (कौशल) and abilities (क्षमताएं), whereas land (भूमि) and physical capital (भौतिक पूंजी) are tangible assets (ठोस संपत्ति). Land refers to natural resources (प्राकृतिक संसाधन), and physical capital includes machinery (मशीनरी), buildings (इमारतें), and infrastructure (बुनियादी ढांचा). Human resources can innovate (नवाचार), adapt (अनुकूलन), and grow (विकसित), making them unique.

3. What is the role of education in human capital formation?

• Education (शिक्षा) plays a crucial role in human capital formation (मानव पूंजी निर्माण) by providing individuals with knowledge (ज्ञान), skills (कौशल), and values (मूल्य). This enhances their productivity (उत्पादकता), efficiency (कार्यक्षमता), and ability to contribute to the economy (अर्थव्यवस्था) and society. Education also leads to better job opportunities (नौकरी के अवसर) and higher incomes (उच्च आय).

4. What is the role of health in human capital formation?

• Health (स्वास्थ्य) is vital in human capital formation (मानव पूंजी निर्माण) as it affects a person’s ability to work (काम करने की क्षमता) and be productive (उत्पादक). Good health improves life expectancy (जीवन प्रत्याशा), reduces absenteeism (अनुपस्थिति), and increases the capacity to learn (सीखने की क्षमता) and work efficiently (सकुशलता से काम करना).

5. What part does health play in the individual’s working life?

• Health (स्वास्थ्य) is essential in an individual’s working life (कार्य जीवन) as it impacts their productivity (उत्पादकता) and efficiency (कार्यक्षमता). Healthy individuals are more likely to perform better (अच्छा प्रदर्शन करना), take fewer sick leaves (कम बीमारी की छुट्टियाँ), and have higher energy levels (उच्च ऊर्जा स्तर), contributing to overall economic growth (समग्र आर्थिक विकास).

6. What are the various activities undertaken in the primary sector, secondary sector, and tertiary sector?

• Primary sector (प्राथमिक क्षेत्र): Activities include agriculture (कृषि), fishing (मछली पकड़ना), forestry (वन्य कार्य), and mining (खनन).
• Secondary sector (माध्यमिक क्षेत्र): Activities include manufacturing (उत्पादन), construction (निर्माण), and production (उत्पादन).
• Tertiary sector (तृतीयक क्षेत्र): Activities include services (सेवाएं) such as healthcare (स्वास्थ्य सेवा), education (शिक्षा), banking (बैंकिंग), and retail (खुदरा).

7. What is the difference between economic activities and non-economic activities?

• Economic activities (आर्थिक गतिविधियाँ) are those that involve the production (उत्पादन) and distribution (वितरण) of goods (सामान) and services (सेवाएं) for monetary gain (आर्थिक लाभ), like working in a factory (कारखाने में काम करना) or running a shop (दुकान चलाना). Non-economic activities (गैर-आर्थिक गतिविधियाँ) are those performed out of love (प्रेम), affection (स्नेह), or social obligation (सामाजिक दायित्व) without any financial reward (आर्थिक लाभ), like household chores (घरेलू काम) or volunteering (स्वयंसेवा).

8. Why are women employed in low paid work?

• Women (महिलाएं) are often employed in low-paid work (कम वेतन वाला काम) due to various reasons such as gender discrimination (लिंग भेदभाव), lower education levels (कम शिक्षा स्तर), limited access to better job opportunities (बेहतर नौकरी के अवसरों तक सीमित पहुंच), and societal norms (सामाजिक मानदंड) that undervalue their work (उनके काम को कम आंकना).

9. How will you explain the term unemployment?

• Unemployment (बेरोजगारी) refers to the situation where individuals who are capable (सक्षम) and willing to work (काम करने को इच्छुक) do not find any job or employment opportunity (रोजगार का अवसर). It indicates the mismatch (असंतुलन) between the labor supply (श्रम आपूर्ति) and demand (मांग) in the job market (नौकरी का बाजार).

10. What is the difference between disguised unemployment and seasonal unemployment?

• Disguised unemployment (प्रच्छन्न बेरोजगारी): Occurs when more people are employed than necessary (आवश्यकता से अधिक लोग रोजगार में हैं), and even if some are removed, the overall productivity does not change (कुल उत्पादकता में बदलाव नहीं होता).
• Seasonal unemployment (मौसमी बेरोजगारी): Occurs when people are unemployed at certain times of the year (साल के कुछ समय में बेरोजगार) due to the seasonal nature of their jobs (उनके काम की मौसमी प्रकृति), like in agriculture (कृषि) or tourism (पर्यटन).

11. Why is educated unemployment a peculiar problem of India?

• Educated unemployment (शिक्षित बेरोजगारी) is a peculiar problem in India due to the mismatch (असंतुलन) between the education system (शिक्षा प्रणाली) and the job market (नौकरी का बाजार). Many graduates do not have the skills required by employers (नियोक्ताओं द्वारा आवश्यक कौशल), leading to a high number of educated individuals without suitable employment (उपयुक्त रोजगार के बिना शिक्षित व्यक्तियों की उच्च संख्या).

12. In which field do you think India can build the maximum employment opportunity?

• India can build maximum employment opportunities (अधिकतम रोजगार के अवसर) in sectors such as information technology (सूचना प्रौद्योगिकी), renewable energy (नवीकरणीय ऊर्जा), healthcare (स्वास्थ्य सेवा), education (शिक्षा), and manufacturing (उत्पादन). These fields have high growth potential (उच्च वृद्धि की क्षमता) and can absorb a large workforce (बड़ी कार्यबल को समायोजित कर सकते हैं).

13. Can you suggest some measures in the education system to mitigate the problem of the educated unemployed?

• Measures to mitigate educated unemployment (शिक्षित बेरोजगारी को कम करने के उपाय) include:
  • Aligning educational curricula with industry needs (शैक्षिक पाठ्यक्रमों को उद्योग की आवश्यकताओं के साथ संरेखित करना).
  • Promoting vocational and technical training (व्यावसायिक और तकनीकी प्रशिक्षण को बढ़ावा देना).
  • Encouraging entrepreneurship and skill development programs (उद्यमिता और कौशल विकास कार्यक्रमों को प्रोत्साहित करना).
  • Enhancing career counseling and job placement services (करियर काउंसलिंग और नौकरी की नियुक्ति सेवाओं को बढ़ाना).

14. Can you imagine some village which initially had no job opportunities but later came up with many?

• Yes, a village (गांव) can transform by investing in infrastructure (बुनियादी ढांचे में निवेश), promoting small-scale industries (लघु उद्योगों को बढ़ावा देना), encouraging agricultural diversification (कृषि विविधीकरण को प्रोत्साहित करना), and improving education (शिक्षा में सुधार) and healthcare facilities (स्वास्थ्य सुविधाएं). Government initiatives (सरकारी पहल) and NGO support (गैर-सरकारी संगठन का समर्थन) can also play a significant role (महत्वपूर्ण भूमिका निभा सकते हैं).

15. Which capital would you consider the best — land, labour, physical capital, and human capital? Why?

• Human capital (मानव पूंजी) is often considered the best because it encompasses the skills (कौशल), knowledge (ज्ञान), and abilities (क्षमताएं) of people, which are essential for the effective utilization of other resources (अन्य संसाधनों के प्रभावी उपयोग के लिए आवश्यक हैं). Human capital drives innovation (नवाचार को बढ़ावा देता है), productivity (उत्पादकता), and economic growth (आर्थिक विकास), making it a crucial factor in development (विकास में महत्वपूर्ण कारक).