How will you separate a mixture containing kerosene and petrol (difference in their boiling points is more than 25ºC), which are miscible with each other?

NCERT Solutions Chapter 2 Is Matter Around Us Pure / By

Answer: Kerosene and petrol are miscible liquids with a boiling point difference of more than 25ºC, they can be separated using simple distillation.

simple distillation.

Steps:

  1. Heat the mixture in a distilling flask using a burner.
  2. Petrol evaporates first (lower boiling point) and forms vapors.
  3. Vapors pass through the condenser, where they cool down and turn into liquid.
  4. The distillate (petrol) is collected in the receiving flask.
  5. Kerosene remains in the distilling flask (higher boiling point).

Other Facts: Petroleum Refining Process

Thus, petrol and kerosene are successfully separated using this method

Petroleum is refined through fractional distillation and other processes to separate useful components.

Steps of Refining:

1. Separation (Fractional Distillation)

  • Crude oil is heated in a fractionating column.
  • Different fractions separate based on their boiling points:
    • Gasoline (Petrol) – 40-200°C 🚗
    • Kerosene – 150-250°C ✈️
    • Diesel – 250-350°C 🚛
    • Lubricating Oils & Residue – Above 350°C 🏭

2. Conversion (Cracking & Reforming)

  • Cracking: Large hydrocarbons are broken into smaller, useful ones like petrol.
  • Reforming: Improves fuel quality by rearranging molecules.

3. Purification (Treating & Blending)

  • Sulfur removal to reduce pollution 🌱.
  • Blending for better fuel performance.

Final Products:

✔️ Petrol (used in vehicles)
✔️ Diesel (trucks, trains)
✔️ LPG (cooking gas)
✔️ Kerosene (jet fuel)
✔️ Asphalt, Wax, Lubricants

Thus, petroleum is refined to produce valuable fuels and chemicals!

Related FAQs

1️⃣ Which method is used to separate a mixture of kerosene and petrol?

🔹 The method used is simple distillation because the boiling point difference is more than 25°C, making it easy to separate the components.

2️⃣ How does simple distillation work in separating kerosene and petrol?

🔹 The mixture is heated in a distillation flask.
🔹 Petrol (lower boiling point) evaporates first and is condensed in a separate container.
🔹 Kerosene (higher boiling point) remains in the flask and is collected separately.

3️⃣ What are the approximate boiling points of petrol and kerosene?

🔹 Petrol: Around 40-200°C (varies due to different hydrocarbons).
🔹 Kerosene: Around 150-250°C.
🔹 Since the difference is more than 25°C, simple distillation is effective.

4️⃣ Why can’t we use fractional distillation instead of simple distillation?

🔹 Fractional distillation is used when the boiling point difference is less than 25°C, requiring a fractionating column for efficient separation.
🔹 Since petrol and kerosene have a significant boiling point gap, simple distillation is sufficient.

5️⃣ What precautions should be taken while performing this separation?

🔹 Use proper ventilation as both kerosene and petrol are flammable.
🔹 Maintain a controlled heating rate to prevent overheating.
🔹 Avoid open flames to prevent fire hazards.

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