Ans: Compare the functioning of alveoli in the lungs and nephrons in the kidneys with respect to their structure and functioning.
- Alveoli (Lungs):
- Structure: Small, balloon-like sacs at the end of bronchioles; one cell thick; surrounded by a network of capillaries.
- Function: Gas exchange (oxygen into blood, carbon dioxide out of blood).
- Nephrons (Kidneys):
- Structure: Tubular structures; include Bowman’s capsule, proximal tubule, loop of Henle, distal tubule, and collecting duct; surrounded by a network of capillaries.
- Function: Filtration of blood to form urine; reabsorption of essential nutrients, ions, and water; secretion of waste products into the tubular fluid.
- Comparison:
- Both have extensive surface areas for efficient exchange.
- Alveoli exchange gases (O₂ and CO₂), while nephrons filter blood and regulate water, electrolytes, and waste removal.
- Both are crucial for maintaining homeostasis but in different systems (respiratory vs. excretory).
MCQs Based on the above question
Question 1: Which statement best describes the structure of alveoli in the lungs?
A) Tubular structures including proximal tubules and collecting ducts
B) Small, balloon-like sacs at the end of bronchioles; one cell thick; surrounded by a network of capillaries
C) Structures that consist of a loop of Henle and distal tubules
D) Blood vessels that transport oxygen and carbon dioxide
Answer: B) Small, balloon-like sacs at the end of bronchioles; one cell thick; surrounded by a network of capillaries
Question 2: What is the primary function of nephrons in the kidneys?
A) Gas exchange (oxygen into blood, carbon dioxide out of blood)
B) Filtration of blood to form urine; reabsorption of essential nutrients, ions, and water; secretion of waste products into the tubular fluid
C) Transporting oxygen throughout the body
D) Producing red blood cells
Answer: B) Filtration of blood to form urine; reabsorption of essential nutrients, ions, and water; secretion of waste products into the tubular fluid
Question 3: How are the alveoli and nephrons similar in their functioning?
A) Both filter blood and produce urine
B) Both exchange gases in the body
C) Both have extensive surface areas for efficient exchange and are crucial for maintaining homeostasis in their respective systems
D) Both structures are part of the respiratory system
Answer: C) Both have extensive surface areas for efficient exchange and are crucial for maintaining homeostasis in their respective systems
Question 4: Which of the following correctly contrasts the functions of alveoli and nephrons?
A) Alveoli filter blood while nephrons exchange gases
B) Alveoli are involved in urine formation while nephrons are involved in gas exchange
C) Alveoli exchange gases (O₂ and CO₂), while nephrons filter blood and regulate water, electrolytes, and waste removal
D) Alveoli and nephrons both primarily function in the respiratory system
Answer: C) Alveoli exchange gases (O₂ and CO₂), while nephrons filter blood and regulate water, electrolytes, and waste removal