Chapter 8 Reproduction in Plants Question/Answer with Important Points

Exercise Question: 👉

1. Fill in the Blanks:

(a) Production of new individuals from the vegetative part of parent is called vegetative propagation.

(b) A flower may have either male or female reproductive parts. Such a flower is called unisexual.

(c) The transfer of pollen grains from the anther to the stigma of the same or of another flower of the same kind is known as pollination.

(d) The fusion of male and female gametes is termed as fertilization.

(e) Seed dispersal takes place by means of wind, water, and animals.

2. Describe the Different Methods of Asexual Reproduction. Give Examples.

Asexual reproduction involves the production of new individuals without the fusion of gametes. The main methods are:

Vegetative Propagation: New plants grow from parts of the parent plant such as stems, roots, or leaves. Examples: potatoes grow from tubers, and bryophyllum from leaves.
Budding: A new organism develops from an outgrowth or bud on the parent due to cell division at one particular site. Examples: yeast and hydra.
Fragmentation: The parent organism breaks into fragments, each capable of growing independently into a new organism. Examples: spirogyra and some species of seaweed.
Spore Formation: Organisms produce spores that can grow directly into new individuals. Examples: fungi like bread mould and ferns.

3. Explain What You Understand by Sexual Reproduction.

Sexual reproduction involves the fusion of male and female gametes, resulting in offspring that are genetically different from their parents. This process includes:

Formation of Gametes: Male and female reproductive cells (sperms and eggs).
Fertilisation: Fusion of the male and female gametes to form a zygote.
Development: The zygote develops into an embryo and eventually into a new organism.

4. State the Main Difference Between Asexual and Sexual Reproduction.

The main difference between asexual and sexual reproduction is:

Asexual Reproduction: Involves a single parent and produces offspring that are genetically identical to the parent.
Sexual Reproduction: Involves two parents and produces offspring with genetic variation due to the combination of genes from both parents.

5. Sketch the Reproductive Parts of a Flower.

Here is a sketch of the reproductive parts of a flower:

Labeled Parts:

Stamen (Anther and Filament) – Male reproductive part
Pistil (Stigma, Style, and Ovary) – Female reproductive part
Petals
Sepals

6. Explain the Difference Between Self-Pollination and Cross-Pollination.

Self-Pollination: Pollen from the anther of a flower lands on the stigma of the same flower or another flower on the same plant.
Cross-Pollination: Pollen from the anther of a flower lands on the stigma of a flower on a different plant of the same species.

7. How Does the Process of Fertilisation Take Place in Flowers?

Fertilisation in flowers involves the following steps:

Pollination: Pollen grains land on the stigma.
Pollen Tube Formation: A pollen tube grows from the pollen grain through the style to the ovary.
Gamete Fusion: The male gamete travels through the pollen tube and fuses with the female gamete (egg) in the ovule.
Zygote Formation: The fusion of gametes results in the formation of a zygote, which develops into an embryo.

8. Describe the Various Ways by Which Seeds Are Dispersed.

Seeds are dispersed by various methods:

Wind: Light seeds with structures like wings or hairs are carried away by the wind. Examples: dandelion, maple.
Water: Seeds that can float are carried away by water currents. Examples: coconut.
Animals: Seeds with hooks or edible fruit are dispersed by animals. Examples: burdock (hooks), berries (edible).

9. Match Items in Column I with Those in Column II:

Column I	Column II
(a) Bud	(iii) Yeast
(b) Eyes	(v) Potato
(c) Fragmentation	(ii) Spirogyra
(d) Wings	(i) Maple
(e) Spores	(iv) Bread mould

10. Tick the Correct Answer:

(a) The reproductive part of a plant is the: (i) leaf (ii) stem (iii) root (iv) flower

(iv) flower

(b) The process of fusion of the male and the female gametes is called: (i) fertilisation (ii) pollination (iii) reproduction (iv) seed formation

(i) fertilization

(iv) fruit

(d) A spore producing organism is: (i) rose (ii) bread mould (iii) potato (iv) ginger

(ii) bread mould

(e) Bryophyllum can reproduce by its: (i) stem (ii) leaves (iii) roots (iv) flower

(ii) leaves

Important Points To Learn From This CHAPTERS 👉

Asexual reproduction (अलैंगिक प्रजनन) – A mode of reproduction in which offspring are produced from a single parent without the involvement of gametes.

Budding (कली लगना) – A form of asexual reproduction in which a new organism develops from an outgrowth or bud on the parent organism.

Embryo (भ्रूण) – The early developmental stage of an organism, formed after fertilization and before becoming a fully developed individual.

Fertilisation (निषेचन) – The process by which male and female gametes combine to form a zygote, leading to the development of a new organism.

Fragmentation (खंडन) – A form of asexual reproduction where an organism breaks into fragments, each capable of growing into a new organism.

Gametes (गैमेट्स) – The reproductive cells (sperm in males and eggs in females) that unite during sexual reproduction to form a new organism.

Hypha (हाइफा) – A long, branching filamentous structure of a fungus, which is the main mode of vegetative growth.

Ovule (बीजांड) – The structure in seed plants that develops into a seed after fertilization.

Pollen grain (परागकण) – The male gametophyte of seed plants, containing the cells that will produce the sperm.

Pollen tube (पराग नलिका) – A tube that forms after a pollen grain lands on the stigma, allowing the sperm to travel to the ovule for fertilization.

Pollination (परागण) – The transfer of pollen from the male anther to the female stigma of a flower, enabling fertilization.

Seed dispersal (बीज वितरण) – The process by which seeds are spread from the parent plant to new locations for germination and growth.

Sexual reproduction (लैंगिक प्रजनन) – A mode of reproduction involving the fusion of male and female gametes to form a new organism.

Spore (बीजाणु) – A reproductive cell capable of developing into a new individual without fusion with another cell, commonly found in fungi, algae, and some plants.

Sporangium (बीजाणुधानी) – A structure in fungi, algae, and some plants where spores are produced and stored.

Vegetative propagation (वनस्पति प्रसार) – A form of asexual reproduction in plants where new individuals are produced from the vegetative parts of the parent plant, such as stems, roots, or leaves.

Zygote (युग्मज) – The cell formed by the fusion of male and female gametes during fertilization, which develops into a new organism.

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