Chapter 1 Nutrition in Plant Question & Answers with Important Points

Autotrophic – Organisms that make their own food using sunlight. (स्वपोषी)
Chlorophyll – A green pigment in plants that helps in photosynthesis. (हरितलवक)
Heterotrophs – Organisms that get their food by consuming other organisms. (परपोषी)
Host – An organism that provides food and shelter for a parasite. (पोषक)
Insectivorous – Plants or animals that eat insects. (कीटभक्षी)
Nutrient – A substance that provides nourishment essential for growth and life. (पोषक तत्व)
Nutrition – The process of taking in and using food for growth and energy. (पोषण)
Parasite – An organism that lives on or in another organism and gets its food from it. (परजीवी)
Photosynthesis – The process by which green plants make their food using sunlight. (प्रकाश संश्लेषण)
Saprotrophs – Organisms that feed on dead or decaying organic matter. (सड़नशील जीव)
Saprotrophic – Relating to organisms that feed on decaying organic matter. (सड़नशीलता)
Stomata – Small openings on plant leaves for gas exchange. (रंध्र)

Exercise Question Answers

Question: Why do organisms take food?

Answer: Organisms take food to obtain energy for various metabolic processes, to build and repair tissues, and to sustain life functions.

Question: Distinguish between a parasite and a saprotroph.

Answer: The difference Between a parasite and a saprotroph is mentioned below in table.

Aspect	Parasite	Saprotroph
Nutrient Source	Derives nutrients from a living host organism.	Obtains nutrients from dead or decaying organic matter.
Relationship with Host	Lives on or in another organism and typically harms the host.	Decomposes organic material externally without harming a living host.
Method of Obtaining Nutrients	Acquires nutrients at the expense of the host’s health.	Absorbs nutrients from the decaying organic matter after decomposing it.

Question: How would you test the presence of starch in leaves?
- Answer: To test the presence of starch in leaves, you can use iodine solution. Apply a few drops of iodine solution onto the leaf. If the leaf turns blue-black, it indicates the presence of starch.
Question: Give a brief description of the process of synthesis of food in green plants.
- Answer: Green plants synthesize food through photosynthesis, a process that occurs primarily in the chloroplasts of plant cells. In this process, plants use sunlight, carbon dioxide, and water to produce glucose (a form of sugar) and oxygen. Chlorophyll, the green pigment in chloroplasts, absorbs sunlight and initiates the chemical reactions of photosynthesis.
Question: Show with the help of a sketch that plants are the ultimate source of food.
- Answer: Sketch: [Unavailable as a text-based response]
Question: Fill in the blanks:
- (a) Green plants are called autotrophs since they synthesize their own food.
- (b) The food synthesized by plants is stored as starch.
- (c) In photosynthesis, solar energy is absorbed by the pigment called chlorophyll.
- (d) During photosynthesis, plants take in carbon dioxide and release oxygen gas.
Question: Name the following:
- (i) A parasitic plant with a yellow, slender, and branched stem: Cuscuta
- (ii) A plant that is partially autotrophic: Pitcher plant
- (iii) The pores through which leaves exchange gases: Stomata
Question: Tick the correct answer:
- (a) Cuscuta is an example of: (ii) parasite
- (b) The plant which traps and feeds on insects is: (iii) pitcher plant
Question: Match the items given in Column I with those in Column II:
Question: Mark ‘T’ if the statement is true and ‘F’ if it is false:

(i) Carbon dioxide is released during photosynthesis. (T/F) True
(ii) Plants which synthesize their food are called saprotrophs. (T/F) False
(iii) The product of photosynthesis is not a protein. (T/F) True
(iv) Solar energy is converted into chemical energy during photosynthesis. (T/F) True

Question: Choose the correct option from the following: Which part of the plant takes in carbon dioxide from the air for photosynthesis? Answer: (ii) Stomata. Stomata are tiny openings primarily found on the underside of leaves, through which carbon dioxide is taken in for photosynthesis.
Question: Choose the correct option from the following: Plants take carbon dioxide from the atmosphere mainly through their: Answer: (iv) leaves. Leaves contain stomata, which are responsible for the exchange of gases, including the intake of carbon dioxide for photosynthesis.
Question: Why do farmers grow many fruits and vegetable crops inside large greenhouses? What are the advantages to the farmers? Answer: Farmers grow many fruits and vegetable crops inside large greenhouses for several reasons:

Greenhouses provide a controlled environment, protecting crops from adverse weather conditions such as frost, excessive heat, wind, and rain.
They allow farmers to extend the growing season, enabling year-round cultivation and potentially increasing yields.
Greenhouses provide protection against pests and diseases, reducing the need for chemical pesticides and allowing for organic farming practices.
The controlled environment in greenhouses allows farmers to optimize growing conditions such as temperature, humidity, and light, resulting in healthier and more productive crops.
Greenhouses can also help in water conservation by reducing evaporation and providing a more efficient irrigation system.

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