Which organelle is known as the powerhouse of the cell? Why?

Powerhouse of the Cell: Mitochondria are called the powerhouse because they are responsible for cellular respiration. They take in glucose and oxygen and produce energy (ATP) that fuels all cellular activities. Without mitochondria, cells wouldn’t have the energy to function and would die.

Mitochondria and ATP (adenosine triphosphate)

1. ATP Production: They convert glucose and oxygen into ATP, which is like the cell’s fuel.
2. Structure: Mitochondria have a double membrane with folds inside, creating more surface area for energy production.
3. Krebs Cycle: Inside, they use a cycle to break down molecules from food into energy carriers called NADH and FADH2.
4. Electron Transport Chain: These energy carriers pass electrons to proteins in the inner membrane, creating a flow of energy that pumps protons.
5. ATP Synthesis: The protons flowing back into the inner space power a machine called ATP synthase, which makes ATP from ADP and Pi.
6. Heat Production: Sometimes, mitochondria make more heat than ATP, especially in brown fat tissue, helping to keep the body warm.